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Amazon AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate (DEA-C01) Sample Questions (Q80-Q85):

NEW QUESTION # 80
A company uses Amazon RDS to store transactional dat
a. The company runs an RDS DB instance in a private subnet. A developer wrote an AWS Lambda function with default settings to insert, update, or delete data in the DB instance.
The developer needs to give the Lambda function the ability to connect to the DB instance privately without using the public internet.
Which combination of steps will meet this requirement with the LEAST operational overhead? (Choose two.)

A. Configure the Lambda function to run in the same subnet that the DB instance uses.
B. Turn on the public access setting for the DB instance.
C. Attach the same security group to the Lambda function and the DB instance. Include a self-referencing rule that allows access through the database port.
D. Update the security group of the DB instance to allow only Lambda function invocations on the database port.
E. Update the network ACL of the private subnet to include a self-referencing rule that allows access through the database port.

Answer: A,C

Explanation:
To enable the Lambda function to connect to the RDS DB instance privately without using the public internet, the best combination of steps is to configure the Lambda function to run in the same subnet that the DB instance uses, and attach the same security group to the Lambda function and the DB instance. This way, the Lambda function and the DB instance can communicate within the same private network, and the security group can allow traffic between them on the database port. This solution has the least operational overhead, as it does not require any changes to the public access setting, the network ACL, or the security group of the DB instance.
The other options are not optimal for the following reasons:
A . Turn on the public access setting for the DB instance. This option is not recommended, as it would expose the DB instance to the public internet, which can compromise the security and privacy of the data. Moreover, this option would not enable the Lambda function to connect to the DB instance privately, as it would still require the Lambda function to use the public internet to access the DB instance.
B . Update the security group of the DB instance to allow only Lambda function invocations on the database port. This option is not sufficient, as it would only modify the inbound rules of the security group of the DB instance, but not the outbound rules of the security group of the Lambda function. Moreover, this option would not enable the Lambda function to connect to the DB instance privately, as it would still require the Lambda function to use the public internet to access the DB instance.
E . Update the network ACL of the private subnet to include a self-referencing rule that allows access through the database port. This option is not necessary, as the network ACL of the private subnet already allows all traffic within the subnet by default. Moreover, this option would not enable the Lambda function to connect to the DB instance privately, as it would still require the Lambda function to use the public internet to access the DB instance.
Reference:
1: Connecting to an Amazon RDS DB instance
2: Configuring a Lambda function to access resources in a VPC
3: Working with security groups
: Network ACLs

NEW QUESTION # 81
A company has an application that uses a microservice architecture. The company hosts the application on an Amazon Elastic Kubernetes Services (Amazon EKS) cluster.
The company wants to set up a robust monitoring system for the application. The company needs to analyze the logs from the EKS cluster and the application. The company needs to correlate the cluster's logs with the application's traces to identify points of failure in the whole application request flow.
Which combination of steps will meet these requirements with the LEAST development effort? (Select TWO.)

A. Use Amazon OpenSearch to correlate the logs and traces.
B. Use Amazon CloudWatch to collect logs. Use Amazon Kinesis to collect traces.
C. Use Amazon CloudWatch to collect logs. Use Amazon Managed Streaming for Apache Kafka (Amazon MSK) to collect traces.
D. Use FluentBit to collect logs. Use OpenTelemetry to collect traces.
E. Use AWS Glue to correlate the logs and traces.

Answer: A,D

Explanation:
Step 1: Log Collection (FluentBit and CloudWatch)
Option A suggests using FluentBit to collect logs and OpenTelemetry to collect traces.
FluentBit is a lightweight log processor that integrates with Amazon EKS to collect and forward logs from Kubernetes clusters. It is widely used with minimal overhead, making it an ideal choice for log collection in this scenario. FluentBit is also natively compatible with AWS services.
OpenTelemetry is a popular framework to collect traces from distributed applications. It provides observability, making it easier to monitor microservices.
This combination allows you to effectively gather both logs and traces with minimal setup and configuration, aligning with the goal of least development effort.
CloudWatch can be used to monitor logs (Option B and C). However, for applications that need more custom and fine-grained control over logging mechanisms, FluentBit and OpenTelemetry are the preferred choice in microservice environments.
Step 2: Log and Trace Correlation (Amazon OpenSearch)
Option D (Amazon OpenSearch) is specifically designed to search, analyze, and visualize logs, metrics, and traces in real-time. OpenSearch allows you to correlate logs and traces effectively.
With Amazon OpenSearch, you can set up dashboards that help in visualizing both logs and traces together, which assists in identifying any failure points across the entire request flow.
It offers integrations with FluentBit and OpenTelemetry, ensuring that both logs from the EKS cluster and application traces are centrally collected, stored, and correlated without additional heavy development.
Step 3: Why Other Options Are Not Suitable
Option B (Amazon Kinesis) is designed for real-time data streaming and analytics but is not as well-suited for tracing microservice requests and logs correlation compared to OpenSearch.
Option C (Amazon MSK) provides a managed Kafka streaming service, but this adds complexity when trying to integrate and correlate logs and traces from a microservice environment. Setting up Kafka requires more development effort compared to using FluentBit and OpenTelemetry.
Option E (AWS Glue) is primarily an ETL (Extract, Transform, Load) service. While Glue is powerful for data processing, it is not a native tool for log and trace correlation, and using it would add unnecessary complexity for this use case.
Conclusion:
To meet the requirements with the least development effort:
Use FluentBit for log collection and OpenTelemetry for tracing (Option A).
Correlate logs and traces using Amazon OpenSearch (Option D).
This approach leverages AWS-native services designed for seamless integration with microservices hosted on Amazon EKS and ensures effective monitoring with minimal overhead.

NEW QUESTION # 82
A company receives a data file from a partner each day in an Amazon S3 bucket. The company uses a daily AW5 Glue extract, transform, and load (ETL) pipeline to clean and transform each data file. The output of the ETL pipeline is written to a CSV file named Dairy.csv in a second 53 bucket.
Occasionally, the daily data file is empty or is missing values for required fields. When the file is missing data, the company can use the previous day's CSV file.
A data engineer needs to ensure that the previous day's data file is overwritten only if the new daily file is complete and valid.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST effort?

A. Use AWS Glue Studio to change the code in the ETL pipeline to fill in any missing values in the required fields with the most common values for each field.
B. Run a SQL query in Amazon Athena to read the CSV file and drop missing rows. Copy the corrected CSV file to the second S3 bucket.
C. Invoke an AWS Lambda function to check the file for missing data and to fill in missing values in required fields.
D. Configure the AWS Glue ETL pipeline to use AWS Glue Data Quality rules. Develop rules in Data Quality Definition Language (DQDL) to check for missing values in required files and empty files.

Answer: D

Explanation:
Problem Analysis:
The company runs a daily AWS Glue ETL pipeline to clean and transform files received in an S3 bucket.
If a file is incomplete or empty, the previous day's file should be retained.
Need a solution to validate files before overwriting the existing file.
Key Considerations:
Automate data validation with minimal human intervention.
Use built-in AWS Glue capabilities for ease of integration.
Ensure robust validation for missing or incomplete data.
Solution Analysis:
Option A: Lambda Function for Validation
Lambda can validate files, but it would require custom code.
Does not leverage AWS Glue's built-in features, adding operational complexity.
Option B: AWS Glue Data Quality Rules
AWS Glue Data Quality allows defining Data Quality Definition Language (DQDL) rules.
Rules can validate if required fields are missing or if the file is empty.
Automatically integrates into the existing ETL pipeline.
If validation fails, retain the previous day's file.
Option C: AWS Glue Studio with Filling Missing Values
Modifying ETL code to fill missing values with most common values risks introducing inaccuracies.
Does not handle empty files effectively.
Option D: Athena Query for Validation
Athena can drop rows with missing values, but this is a post-hoc solution.
Requires manual intervention to copy the corrected file to S3, increasing complexity.
Final Recommendation:
Use AWS Glue Data Quality to define validation rules in DQDL for identifying missing or incomplete data.
This solution integrates seamlessly with the ETL pipeline and minimizes manual effort.
Implementation Steps:
Enable AWS Glue Data Quality in the existing ETL pipeline.
Define DQDL Rules, such as:
Check if a file is empty.
Verify required fields are present and non-null.
Configure the pipeline to proceed with overwriting only if the file passes validation.
In case of failure, retain the previous day's file.
Reference:
AWS Glue Data Quality Overview
Defining DQDL Rules
AWS Glue Studio Documentation

NEW QUESTION # 83
A company implements a data mesh that has a central governance account. The company needs to catalog all data in the governance account. The governance account uses AWS Lake Formation to centrally share data and grant access permissions.
The company has created a new data product that includes a group of Amazon Redshift Serverless tables. A data engineer needs to share the data product with a marketing team. The marketing team must have access to only a subset of columns. The data engineer needs to share the same data product with a compliance team. The compliance team must have access to a different subset of columns than the marketing team needs access to.
Which combination of steps should the data engineer take to meet these requirements? (Select TWO.)

A. Create an Amazon Redshift data than that includes the tables that need to be shared.
B. Create views of the tables that need to be shared. Include only the required columns.
C. Share the Amazon Redshift data share to the Amazon Redshift Serverless workgroup in the marketing team's account.
D. Share the Amazon Redshift data share to the Lake Formation catalog in the governance account.
E. Create an Amazon Redshift managed VPC endpoint in the marketing team's account. Grant the marketing team access to the views.

Answer: B,C

Explanation:
The company is using a data mesh architecture with AWS Lake Formation for governance and needs to share specific subsets of data with different teams (marketing and compliance) using Amazon Redshift Serverless.
Option A: Create views of the tables that need to be shared. Include only the required columns.
Creating views in Amazon Redshift that include only the necessary columns allows for fine-grained access control. This method ensures that each team has access to only the data they are authorized to view.
Option E: Share the Amazon Redshift data share to the Amazon Redshift Serverless workgroup in the marketing team's account.
Amazon Redshift data sharing enables live access to data across Redshift clusters or Serverless workgroups. By sharing data with specific workgroups, you can ensure that the marketing team and compliance team each access the relevant subset of data based on the views created.
Option B (creating a Redshift data share) is close but does not address the fine-grained column-level access.
Option C (creating a managed VPC endpoint) is unnecessary for sharing data with specific teams.
Option D (sharing with the Lake Formation catalog) is incorrect because Redshift data shares do not integrate directly with Lake Formation catalogs; they are specific to Redshift workgroups.
Reference:
Amazon Redshift Data Sharing
AWS Lake Formation Documentation

NEW QUESTION # 84
A financial company wants to use Amazon Athena to run on-demand SQL queries on a petabyte-scale dataset to support a business intelligence (BI) application. An AWS Glue job that runs during non-business hours updates the dataset once every day. The BI application has a standard data refresh frequency of 1 hour to comply with company policies.
A data engineer wants to cost optimize the company's use of Amazon Athena without adding any additional infrastructure costs.
Which solution will meet these requirements with the LEAST operational overhead?

A. Configure an Amazon S3 Lifecycle policy to move data to the S3 Glacier Deep Archive storage class after 1 day
B. Use the query result reuse feature of Amazon Athena for the SQL queries.
C. Change the format of the files that are in the dataset to Apache Parquet.
D. Add an Amazon ElastiCache cluster between the Bl application and Athena.

Answer: B

Explanation:
The best solution to cost optimize the company's use of Amazon Athena without adding any additional infrastructure costs is to use the query result reuse feature of AmazonAthena for the SQL queries. This feature allows you to run the same query multiple times without incurring additional charges, as long as the underlying data has not changed and the query results are still in the query result location in Amazon S31. This feature is useful for scenarios where you have a petabyte-scale dataset that is updated infrequently, such as once a day, and you have a BI application that runs the same queries repeatedly, such as every hour. By using the query result reuse feature, you can reduce the amount of data scanned by your queries and save on the cost of running Athena. You can enable or disable this feature at the workgroup level or at the individual query level1.
Option A is not the best solution, as configuring an Amazon S3 Lifecycle policy to move data to the S3 Glacier Deep Archive storage class after 1 day would not cost optimize the company's use of Amazon Athena, but rather increase the cost and complexity. Amazon S3 Lifecycle policies are rules that you can define to automatically transition objects between different storage classes based on specified criteria, such as the age of the object2. S3 Glacier Deep Archive is the lowest-cost storage class in Amazon S3, designed for long-term data archiving that is accessed once or twice in a year3. While moving data to S3 Glacier Deep Archive can reduce the storage cost, it would also increase the retrieval cost and latency, as it takes up to 12 hours to restore the data from S3 Glacier Deep Archive3. Moreover, Athena does not support querying data that is in S3 Glacier or S3 Glacier Deep Archive storage classes4. Therefore, using this option would not meet the requirements of running on-demand SQL queries on the dataset.
Option C is not the best solution, as adding an Amazon ElastiCache cluster between the BI application and Athena would not cost optimize the company's use of Amazon Athena, but rather increase the cost and complexity. Amazon ElastiCache is a service that offers fully managed in-memory data stores, such as Redis and Memcached, that can improve the performance and scalability of web applications by caching frequently accessed data. While using ElastiCache can reduce the latency and load on the BI application, it would not reduce the amount of data scanned by Athena, which is the main factor that determines the cost of running Athena. Moreover, using ElastiCache would introduce additional infrastructure costs and operational overhead, as you would have to provision, manage, and scale the ElastiCache cluster, and integrate it with the BI application and Athena.
Option D is not the best solution, as changing the format of the files that are in the dataset to Apache Parquet would not cost optimize the company's use of Amazon Athena without adding any additional infrastructure costs, but rather increase the complexity. Apache Parquet is a columnar storage format that can improve the performance of analytical queries by reducing the amount of data that needs to be scanned and providing efficient compression and encoding schemes. However,changing the format of the files that are in the dataset to Apache Parquet would require additional processing and transformation steps, such as using AWS Glue or Amazon EMR to convert the files from their original format to Parquet, and storing the converted files in a separate location in Amazon S3. This would increase the complexity and the operational overhead of the data pipeline, and also incur additional costs for using AWS Glue or Amazon EMR. References:
Query result reuse
Amazon S3 Lifecycle
S3 Glacier Deep Archive
Storage classes supported by Athena
[What is Amazon ElastiCache?]
[Amazon Athena pricing]
[Columnar Storage Formats]
AWS Certified Data Engineer - Associate DEA-C01 Complete Study Guide

NEW QUESTION # 85
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